INDIAN SCIENCE ( my report )

Indian science

The Indian Civilization is about the oldest still alive, and it achieved the high level of technology at an early stage.

The history of science and technology in India begins with the prehistoric human activity in Mehrgarh or Pakistan and continues through the Indus Valley Civilization also known as the Bronze Age Civilization to the early state and empires.

The Science And Technology in India has something to do with the following field:

Agriculture

Indian Astrology

Zinc Metallurgy

Mathematics

AGRICULTURE

The Irrigation was developed in the Indus Valley Civilization by around 4500 B.C. The size and prosperity of Indus Civilization grew as a result of this innovation, which eventually led to more planned settlements making use of drainage and sewers.

INDIAN ASTROLOGY

Indian Astronomical text named Vedanga Jyotisa dates back around 1200 B.C. It detailed several astronomical attributes generally applied for timing social and religious events.

In India there is a long established widespread beliefs in Astrology and it is commonly used for daily life.

Examples: With regards to marriage

With regards to career

With regards to election process

ZINC METALLURGY (refining metals)

• Zinc mines of Zawar were active during 400 B. C.
• Another important Indian contribution was in the Isolation, Distillation and use of Zinc. A major breakthrough in the history of metallurgy was India’s discovery of Zinc Distillation whereby the metal was vaporized and then condensed back into pure metal.
• Early Iron objects found in India can be dated to 1400 B. C. Some scholars believed that by the early 13^th century B.C. iron smelting was practiced on a bigger scale in India.
• Rust free steel was an Indian inventions and remained an Indian skill for centuries.

MATHEMATICS

• The use of Negative numbers was known in early India and their role insituation like mathematical problems of debt was understood.
• The Decimal number system originated in India. Other cultures discovered a few features of this number system which was compiled in India where it attained coherence and completion.

List of Indian Inventions and Discoveries

1. ATOMISM

The earliest reference to the concept of atoms date back to India in the 6^th century B.C.

According to Democritus:

The term “atomos” meaning uncuttable or the smallest indivisible particle of matter.

Dharmakirti and Dignaga

Indian philosophers and founder of Vaishehika School of atomism.

They considered atom to be:

1. point sized

2. dirationless

3. made of energy

2. CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT AND NUMBERS

Discovered by the named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, who received the novel prize in Physics for his work on stellar structure and stellar evolution.

3. UNIVERSE

The earliest known philosophical models of the universe are found in VEDAS, the earliest text on Indian philosophy dating back to the late 2^nd millennium B.C. They described COSMOLOGY in which the universe goes through repeated cycle of creation, destruction and rebirth.

4. INDIGO

Indigo was used as a dye in India, which was also a major center for its production and processing.

5. FIREARMS

By the 16^th century Indians were manufacturing a diverse variety of firearms: large guns in particular.

The Indian war rockets were formidable weapons before such rockets were used in Europe.

In general, we can conclude that the science and technology in India has a greater part in terms of achieving high levels of technology in different kinds of field like in agriculture, in mathematics, in astrology and even in chemical elements that were still alive in our generation today.