DEFINITION

A Definition may be a statement of the essential properties of a certain thing, or a statement of equivalence between one expression and another, usually more complex expression that gives meaning of the first.

A thing being is called (from Latin) a DEFINIENDUM the expression which defines it is called a DEFINIENS.

Lexical Definition

• a "dictionary Definition" reports the meaning of the word as it normally used.

Intensional Definition

• of the general term, on the other hand,is the sets of features which are shared by everything to which it applies.

Extensional Definition

• of a general term is just the collection of individual thing to which it correctly applied.

Contextual Definition

• some words cannot be clearly define on their own, but it is posible to offer schema for defining every sentence which they occur.

Stipulative Definition

• is the specification of meaning adopted or assumed specifically for the purposes for argument or discussion in a given context.

Ostensive Definition

• gives the meaning of a term by pointing out he thing denoted by, it, or pointing out of examples of the kind of thing meant by it.

Precising Definition

• is the definition that extends the dictionary definition of a term for specific purpose by including additional criteria that narrow down the set of thing meant by it.

Operational Definition

• of quantity is a specific process whereby it is measured.

CLASSIFICATION

• Distinction, identification and organization of two or more items, information and facts according to their similarities which are determined through comparison.

• Gives a closer view on the link between the object being compared.

Definition Of Classification According to Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz;

It is a differential of two or more objects and that these two objects are not "EVER EXACTLY ALIVE". In fact, no two things are "EVER EXACTLY ALIKE". That if ever there were two objects which were so alike, they would be some object. There is always an essential dissimilarity even in a pair of apparently identical objects.

PLATO'S THEORY OF UNIVERSALS
1. Universalia In RE (universal in the things)
- Everything is a combination of form and matter.
2. Universalia Ante Rem (universal before the things)
- The link between member of the class is that they are all imitations of an archetype which existed the world was made.
3. Universalia Past Rem ( universal after the things)
- nothing general exist particular things

FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF SIMILARITY

1. Genetic similarity- having similar origins
2. Structural similarity- having the same constituent parts.
3. Functional similarity- having similar behavior.
4. Apparent similarity- having similar external features.